KMID : 1161420130160040357
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Journal of Medicinal Food 2013 Volume.16 No. 4 p.357 ~ p.360
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Flaxseed-Derived Enterolactone Is Inversely Associated with Tumor Cell Proliferation in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer
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Azrad Maria
Vollmer Robin T. Madden John Dewhirst Mark Polascik Thomas J. Snyder Denise C. Ruffin Mack T. Moul Judd W. Brenner Dean E. Demark-Wahnefried Wendy
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Abstract
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Enterolactone and enterodiol, mammalian lignans derived from dietary sources such as flaxseed, sesame seeds, kale, broccoli, and apricots, may impede tumor proliferation by inhibiting activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF¥êB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined the associations between urinary enterolactone and enterodiol with prostatic tumor expression of NF¥êB, VEGF, and Ki67 among 147 patients with prostate cancer who participated in a presurgical trial of flaxseed supplementation (30?g/day) for ¡30 days. Urinary enterolignans and tissue biomarkers were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry, respectively. After supplementation, we observed significant correlations between intakes of plant lignan and urinary concentrations of total enterolignans (¥ñ=0.677, P<.0001), enterolactone (¥ñ=0.676, P<.0001), and enterodiol (¥ñ=0.628, P<.0001). Importantly, we observed that total urinary enterolignans and enterolactone were significantly and inversely correlated with Ki67 in the tumor tissue (¥ñ=?0.217, P=.011, and ¥ñ=?0.230, P=.007, respectively), and a near-significant inverse association was observed for enterodiol (¥ñ=?0.159, P=.064). An inverse association was observed between enterolactone and VEGF (¥ñ=?0.143, P=.141), although this did not reach statistical significance. We did not observe an association between enterolignans and NF¥êB. In conclusion, flaxseed-derived enterolignans may hinder cancer cell proliferation via VEGF-associated pathways.
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KEYWORD
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diet, flaxseed, lignans, phytoestrogens, prostatic neoplasia
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